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The role of the gut microbiota and nutrition on spatial learning and spatial memory: a mini review based on animal studies

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Abstract

The gut-brain axis is believed to constitute a bidirectional communication mechanism that affects both mental and digestive processes. Recently, the role of the gut microbiota in cognitive performance has been the focus of much research. In this paper, we discuss the effects of gut microbiota and nutrition on spatial memory and learning. Studies have shown the influence of diet on cognitive capabilities such as spatial learning and memory. It has been reported that a high-fat diet can alter gut microbiota which subsequently leads to changes in spatial learning and memory. Some microorganisms in the gut that can significantly affect spatial learning and memory are Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Helicobacter pylori. For example, a reduction in the amount of A. muciniphila in the gut leads to increased intestinal permeability and induces immune response in the brain which then negatively affects cognitive performances. We suggest that more studies should be carried out regarding the indirect effects of nutrition on cognitive activities via alteration in gut microbiota.

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  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Seyyed Mohammad Amin Alemohammad

  2. Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Seyed Mohammad Reza Noori

  3. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA, USA

    Ehsan Samarbafzadeh

  4. Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Seyyed Mohammad Ali Noori

  5. Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Seyyed Mohammad Ali Noori

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Alemohammad, S.M.A., Noori, S.M.R., Samarbafzadeh, E. et al. The role of the gut microbiota and nutrition on spatial learning and spatial memory: a mini review based on animal studies. Mol Biol Rep 49, 1551–1563 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-07078-2

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